Outline and Asses the Feminist Explanations of Gender Inequalities free essay sample

Outline and asses the feminist explanations of gender inequalities (40) Feminists believe that women are unequal to men, and the different groups think it is down to different reasons. Liberal feminists think it is because it is down to gender role socialisation. Marxist feminists believe it is down to capitalism. Radical feminists think women are not equal to men because of relationships within the home, and black feminist think they are unequal not just because they are women, but also because of their skin colour. All groups of feminists also believe that women are subordinated due to patriarchy, (the idea that males are dominant). Firstly, liberal feminists, such as Ann Oakley argue that gender role socialisation is responsible for sexual division of labour. Girls and boys are socialised in different ways. For example girls are encouraged to take on caring roles, which could lead to them having jobs such as nurses in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Asses the Feminist Explanations of Gender Inequalities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 agents of socialisation- the family, the school and the media have an influence on the way boys and girls are socialised. For example, in the home there is manipulation and canalisation. Manipulation is when boys and girls are encouraged to play with gender specific toys. Canalisation is when specific behaviour is encouraged or discouraged. For example if a boy falls over and hurts himself, he is encouraged not to cry and to act in a brave way. On the other hand, if the same thing happened to a girl, she would be given more sympathy. Ann Oakley argues that there is still an expectation for women to take on the housewife/mother role. Because of this, it is more difficult for women to pursue careers as men do. Oakley also claims that employers expect women to play the role of housewife rather than pursue a career. This patriarchal ideology is justified by men through claims that women are more suited to caring roles because of their maternal instinct. However, recently some liberal feminists such as Sue Sharpe have been more optimistic. She has said that not all women take on caring roles because of their socialisation. They may react against their socialisation, or pursue a career. Secondly, liberal feminism has been criticised because it tends to assume that all women accept their gender identities in a passive way. Liberal feminism also does not take race or class into consideration. Marxist feminists believe womens subordination is down to the influence of capitalism. Women are seen as a reserve army of labour. Companies only hire hem when they really need them, and they do less important jobs than men, making them more disposable. Women change jobs more frequently than men, so are more vulnerable at times of redundancy, they tend to be less skilled, and capitalist ideologies locate women in the home. The reserve army of labour theory has been criticised as it fails to explain why there are womens jobs and mens jobs. It is se ems to overlook the fact that patriarchy can be influential by itself. The Marxist feminists seem to imply that once capitalism is abolished, gender inequality will disappear, which might not actually be the case. On the other hand, Radical feminists, such as Elizabeth Stanko argue that womens inequality begins in the home, and then extends outwards in the rest of society. If a women is unequal in a relationship with her husband at home, then she is unequal to other men in wider society, e. g. in the government and the media. Radical feminists focus on power relationships between men and women in private. They claim that men exploit and control women within the home. They also claim that when the patriarchy ideology fails, (when women do not dress and act as they are told to) then men resort to domestic violence in order to control them. Therefore, it is not capitalism that controls and exploits women; it is men themselves within the home. Women are disadvantaged in the labour market because within the home they are forced by men to be housewives and mothers. However, Radical feminism has been criticised by Marxist feminist for focusing on just one source of gender inequality; the home. They dont take into account the fact that capitalism could be contributing to women being disadvantaged in terms of employment. Radical feminists have also been accused of being ethnocentric; i. . they assume patriarchy is the same in all societies and cultures. However this may not be the case if you for example look at patriarchy in Asian cultures and white cultures, it might be quite different. Black Feminism essentially argues that sexism and racism are inextricable from one another. Forms of feminism that strive to overcome sexism and class oppression but ignore or minimize race can perpetuate racism and thereby contribute to the oppression of many people, including women. Black feminists argue that the liberation of Black women entails freedom for all people, since it would require the end of racism, sexism, and class oppression. In conclusion, all feminist theories agree that we live in a patriarchal society. However the reason we live in a patriarchal society is commonly argued amongst feminists each believing that a different ting caused it. All the reasons are well backed up theories and all have been criticised, It could be said that all are correct and it is not just one of these reasons cause patriarchy but the combination of all of them.

Free Essays on Right To Die

Right to Die. An Argumentative Essay by Darrell Fortune. Death is an unavoidable subject everyone has to confront at one time or another. We all wonder when we will die, and under what conditions. Will it be a peaceful death, which steals into the night like a cold wind? Or will it come suddenly, crashing into the room like an inescapable wave. I personally would not like to have such knowledge, but for some people death is escape. It is escape from pain, suffering, and the emotional distress placed upon their family from a terminal illness. That’s why I feel physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for the terminal ill. When we think of physician-assisted suicide, the first person that pops into our minds is Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian admitted helping 130 people to commit suicide, and was charged with 2nd Degree murder in 1999. He is now serving 10-25 years for administering a fatal injection to a terminally ill man. One reason for legal physician-assisted suicide is that some terminal illnesses cause great pain and suffering on the patient. Victims also have to watch their once strong, proud bodies waste away into waxy, thin skeletons. I know that today’s technological and pharmaceutical advancements can keep a human alive long after death has come knocking, but shouldn’t they have an option before being kept alive in an empty vessel? Another reason physician-assisted suicide should be legalized is the stress it places on the patient’s family. The stress arises from many factors. Some of these include not only emotional stress from the illness of a relative, but also financial problems. Hospital stays cause medical bills to pile up, and even though most people carry insurance, the coverage sometimes runs out, or only pays a certain percent of the bill. Wouldn’t you like to know that your d... Free Essays on Right To Die Free Essays on Right To Die Right to Die. An Argumentative Essay by Darrell Fortune. Death is an unavoidable subject everyone has to confront at one time or another. We all wonder when we will die, and under what conditions. Will it be a peaceful death, which steals into the night like a cold wind? Or will it come suddenly, crashing into the room like an inescapable wave. I personally would not like to have such knowledge, but for some people death is escape. It is escape from pain, suffering, and the emotional distress placed upon their family from a terminal illness. That’s why I feel physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for the terminal ill. When we think of physician-assisted suicide, the first person that pops into our minds is Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Dr. Kevorkian admitted helping 130 people to commit suicide, and was charged with 2nd Degree murder in 1999. He is now serving 10-25 years for administering a fatal injection to a terminally ill man. One reason for legal physician-assisted suicide is that some terminal illnesses cause great pain and suffering on the patient. Victims also have to watch their once strong, proud bodies waste away into waxy, thin skeletons. I know that today’s technological and pharmaceutical advancements can keep a human alive long after death has come knocking, but shouldn’t they have an option before being kept alive in an empty vessel? Another reason physician-assisted suicide should be legalized is the stress it places on the patient’s family. The stress arises from many factors. Some of these include not only emotional stress from the illness of a relative, but also financial problems. Hospital stays cause medical bills to pile up, and even though most people carry insurance, the coverage sometimes runs out, or only pays a certain percent of the bill. Wouldn’t you like to know that your d...

Business Functions and Processes (Google. Communication and Research Paper

Business Functions and Processes (Google. Communication and Information Technology) - Research Paper Example Moreover, changing supplementary, either by incorporating computer investments without firm change in organization, or only partially enforcing some organizational requirements and changes, can generate significant productivity losses as any advantages of computerization are normally more than outshined by negative interactions with present organizational policies and practices (Brynjolfsson, Renshaw and Van Alstyne 1997). The necessity for ‘all or nothing’ changes between complementary systems was a part of the logic behind the organizational reengineering shift period during the era of 1990s (Hammer 1990). Furthermore, it can also elaborate why many large scale information technology projects are unable to perform as expected and miserably fail (Kemerer and Sosa 1991), while successful information technology adopters earn substantial rents (Brynjolfsson and Hitt 2000).There are various examples reflecting the historically high cost of information gathering and processi ng as well. For example, hierarchical organizational structures can diminish communications costs because they reduce the number of communications links essential to connect multiple economic factors as compared with the more decentralized hierarchical structures (Malone 1987; Radner 1993). Analogously, producing simple and standardized products remains to be the most efficient way to utilize scale intensive and inflexible manufacturing technology. However, as the cost of automated information processing has diminished by over 99.9 percent since the 1960s, it is not likely that the work practices of the earlier era will remain the same ones that best leverage the value of inexpensive information along with flexible production. In this spirit, Milgrom and Roberts (1990) develop and provide a model in which firm’s transformation and transition from ‘mass production’ to flexible, computer-enabled modern manufacturing’ is pushed by exogenous changes in the inf ormation technology price. Within the same context, the Bresnahan (1999) and Bresnahan, Brynjolfsson and Hitt (2000) highlight that how changes in information technology costs and capabilities direct to a cluster of changes in work organization and firm strategy increasing the demand for skilled labour. Changing interactions with the suppliers Managing a constant and result-orientated interaction and correspondence with suppliers offers numerous pitfalls. The organizations are generating a view that it is no more a feasible option to permanently rely on suppliers and may not disregard this option as for as the short term objectives are concerned. The organizations contend that suppliers have not been able to expectedly fulfil their role and part of work and they provide their excuses for delays. Keeping this view in mind and due to other problems coordinating with external suppliers, large firms often generate and develop many of their required inputs in-house. General Motors is the appropriate successful story of a company whose success was considerably supported by high levels of vertical integration. However, the latest technologies such as internet-based procurement systems, electronic data interchanges and other inter-organizational information systems have substantially diminished business process cost, business design and development cost and other difficulties of interacting with suppliers. Within the same